SKU: 57487456935

Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records - Gary Urton

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Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records - Gary Urton"Urton's work is scholarly and painstakingly thorough and is a valuable contribution to our understanding of Inca inscription that makes good use of ethnographic and ethnohistorical work on the Andean region." The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute "This is by far the most important monograph on Andean systems of information registry since the Ashers' volumes in the late 1970s. Urton provides a platform for a whole new generation of

"Urton's work is scholarly and painstakingly thorough and is a valuable contribution to our understanding of Inca inscription that makes good use of ethnographic and ethnohistorical work on the Andean region." -- The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute "This is by far the most important monograph on Andean systems of information registry since the Ashers' volumes in the late 1970s. Urton provides a platform for a whole new generation of studies." -- Frank Salomon, Professor of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison In an age when computers process immense amounts of information by the manipulation of sequences of 1s and 0s, it remains a frustrating mystery how prehistoric Inka recordkeepers encoded a tremendous variety and quantity of data using only knotted and dyed strings. Yet the comparison between computers and khipu may hold an important clue to deciphering the Inka records. In this book, Gary Urton sets forth a pathbreaking theory that the manipulation of fibers in the construction of khipu created physical features that constitute binary-coded sequences which store units of information in a system of binary recordkeeping that was used throughout the Inka empire. Urton begins his theory with the making of khipu, showing how at each step of the process binary, either/or choices were made. He then investigates the symbolic components of the binary coding system, the amount of information that could have been encoded, procedures that may have been used for reading the khipu, the nature of the khipu signs, and, finally, the nature of the khipu recording system itself-- emphasizing relations of markedness and semantic coupling. This researchconstitutes a major step forward in building a unified theory of the khipu system of information storage and communication based on the sum total of construction features making up these extraordinary objects.

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SKU: 57487456935

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Kaci W.
Waukegan, US
★★★★★ 5
Goal!
Dog loves it, cute for hockey season!
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Reviewed in the United States on April 18, 2026
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Nirpno
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 2
NOT DURABLE, LONG-LASTING, OR USEFUL
Color: A-Navy, Color: A-Navy
I gave this dog toy 2-stars based on my dog toy rating system (DTRS) for “Albert” the Blue Bear! Safety (1-rating): Albert fell apart after 4-hours of use. 1. The ears were chewed off and I was only able to find one of them, which means my dog swallowed the other ear. Very big concern as it depends on how big your dog is to pass this object. The ear is about the size of 1.5-quarters. 2. The tail was almost chewed off entirely and was hanging on by a thread before I threw it out. 3. After the ears came off, the inside foam started to come out, which raised my concern for my dog’s saftey. 4. The entire body was soft and did not cause any harm to teeth, gums, paws, nose, etc. Durability (3-rating): 1. The ears and tail are the weakest parts of Albert as they can easily be chewed off. 2. The body is durable enough to sustain 4-hours of use, as I threw Albert out after the ears and tail were torn off within 4-hours. 3. The small squeaker inside Albert’s belly was broken after 15-minutes of use. Thank Goodness! 4. My next concern was how long the arms and legs would last; TBD! Squeaker (1-rating): 1. Small plastic squeaker, the size of a half-dollar, with a high pitched noise. Fatality (2-rating): 1. Albert was put to rest after 4-hours of use as I was concerned for the safety of my dog with continued use. 2. If Albert didn’t come with ears or a tail, I can only imagine how long he would’ve survived as the material seemed to be durable enough to withstand continued use. In conclusion, “Albert” the Blue Bear is not worth the money for a toy that falls apart after 4-hrs of use and with the concerns of safety. I was surprised that it was only 8-inches tall, next time I’ll confirm the size of the toy before I purchase the next one. About my dog “Cannoli” for comparison: Breed: Blue Healer / Lab mix Weight: 40-lbs Energy Level: High Age: 7-months Chew Rating: Aggressive
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Reviewed in the United States on February 20, 2025
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Steven D'Arcangelo
Massapequa, US
★★★★★ 3
The dog won!
Color: A-Navy, Color: A-Navy
It’s not indestructible. Wonder if I can get a refund or another toy. It did last longer than most so I give them credit for that!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2026
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Heidi fishel
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 5
Almost good enough
Color: E-Navy+Purple
My dog chewy can rip through anything, even these. I do love the toys they’re great. They’re made with coconut on the inside, but could somebody please!, make a chew toy worthy of my dogs teeth, cause this ain’t it. But it is the strongest so far . I would recommend it. My doodle chewy short for Chewbacca is insane about chewing.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 9, 2026
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Robin Weesner
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 3
Could be more durable.
Color: A-Navy
It’s not as durable as I’d hoped. I’ve had to mend it. It’s cute, though, and my dog likes it. He’s an Aussie, so not great bite strength.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 28, 2026

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