SKU: 39669488215

Red Clay, White Water, and Blues: A History of Columbus, Georgia

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Red Clay, White Water, and Blues: A History of Columbus, GeorgiaColumbus is the third largest city in Georgia, and Red Clay, White Water, and Blues is its first comprehensive history. Virginia E. Causey documents the city's founding in 1828 and brings its story to the present, examining the economic, political, social, and cultural changes over the period. It is the first history of the city that analyzes the significant contributions of all its citizens, including African Americans, women, and the working class.

Columbus is the third-largest city in Georgia, and Red Clay, White Water, and Blues is its first comprehensive history. Virginia E. Causey documents the city's founding in 1828 and brings its story to the present, examining the economic, political, social, and cultural changes over the period. It is the first history of the city that analyzes the significant contributions of all its citizens, including African Americans, women, and the working class. Causey, who has lived and worked in Columbus for more than forty years, focuses on three defining characteristics of the city's history: the role that geography has played in its evolution, specifically its location on the Chattahoochee River along the Fall Line, making it an ideal place to establish water-powered textile mills; the fact that the control of city's affairs rested in the hands of a particular business elite; and the endemic presence of violence that left a "bloody trail" throughout local history.

Causey traces the life of Columbus: its founding and early boom years; the Civil War and its aftermath; conflicts as a modern city emerged in the first half of the twentieth century; racial tension and economic decline in the mid-to-late 1900s; and rebirth and revival of the city in the twenty-first century. Peppered throughout are compelling anecdotes about the city's most colorful characters, including Sol Smith and His Dramatic Company, music phenom Blind Tom Wiggins, suffragist Augusta Howard, industrialist and philanthropist G. Gunby Jordan, peanut purveyor Tom Huston, blueswoman Ma Rainey, novelist Carson McCullers, and insurance magnate John Amos.

Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Published: 08/15/2020
ISBN: 9780820358826
Pages: 344
Weight: 1.11lbs
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SKU: 39669488215

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Amanda_Cullen
Dallas, US
★★★★★ 4
Dogs love them, not long lasting
Size: Large
Our dogs ignored the toy for the first day or two, then immediately became obsessed, working on them for hours at a time. They did come with big cracks/splits in them. The first one it wasn’t a big deal, but the dogs pulled large slivers and chunks off the second within minutes of using it. Also, gigantic mess around the house, like letting them play with a stick. I plan to continue to buy since the dogs love them but I do think they are a bit expensive given the quality variations.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 15, 2024
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robin biles
Chelsea, US
★★★★★ 5
Durable, good value, clean, natural
Size: Small, Size: Small
I bought this coffee wood toy with the coconut rope for my heavy chewer (Jack Russell Terrier) a couple of years ago. I was pretty skeptical that it would last very long and be a toy that she would enjoy. This is one of her favorite toys, it's lasted for 2+ years, and it's not gross after so much use. This dog shredded everything in sight when she was a puppy, so it was important to find her lots of different hard toys. I bought another coffee wood toy with no rope, and she doesn't care for it as much. We might have to drill a hole and add a coconut rope when this one get's too small. I have not had an issue with the coconut fibers or wood pulp, though I'm sure she's ingesting some. I have had to take away many hard toys that she managed to chew off large bits or I felt like she was eating bits of plastic, but this one has been safe for her. She was already an adult dog when I got her this toy, so I cannot vouch for how it would work for a puppy, but I suspect that it would have been a toy that I would only let her have under supervision when she was a puppy. I like that it is made from natural materials.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 26, 2026
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Kendra
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 2
Flimsy rope
Size: Large
This was definitely not sturdy enough for a large dog "up to 80 lbs" as stated. My 7 month old Shepherd puppy shredded the rope part in about 5 minutes. The chew stick is a hit but very small. Flimsy for the cost!
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Reviewed in the United States on September 17, 2025
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DJ
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 3
Fast Chew
Size: Medium
Didn’t last as long as I expected. My Frenchie chewed through it in record time. I will purchase another one to see if it’s the same as the one I received.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 28, 2025
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Kidzmomma
Pawtucket, US
★★★★★ 5
Great for chewers
Size: Large
I have bought these for the dogs (GSD/Husky/Golden) 4 mon-7yrs. All 4 dogs enjoy them and keeps the 2 puppies from chewing things they should not. Definitely worth the money for how long they have lasted as well. Have already ordered more.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 4, 2025

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